Four charges are placed at the circumference of a dial clock as shown in the figure. If the clock has only an hour hand,then the resultant force on a charge $q_0$ placed at the center points in the direction which shows the time as (in $:30$)

Two identical pendulums $A$ and $B$ are suspended from the same point. The bobs are given positive charges,with $A$ having more charge than $B$. They diverge and reach equilibrium,with $A$ and $B$ making angles $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ with the vertical,respectively. Then:

There are two charges $+1 \ \mu C$ and $+5 \ \mu C$. The ratio of the forces acting on them will be

$(a)$ In a quark model of elementary particles,a neutron is made of one up quark [ charge $\frac{2}{3}e$ ] and two down quarks [ charges $-\frac{1}{3}e$ ]. Assume that they have a triangle configuration with side length of the order of ${10^{ - 15}} \ m$. Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the neutron and compare it with its mass $939 \ MeV$. $(b)$ Repeat the above exercise for a proton which is made of two up and one down quark.

Two identical conducting spheres carry identical charges. If the spheres are set at a certain distance apart,they repel each other with a force $F$. $A$ third conducting sphere identical to the other two,but initially uncharged,is touched to one sphere and then to the other before being removed. The force between the original two spheres is now

$A$ force $F$ acts between sodium and chlorine ions of salt (sodium chloride) when placed $1 \ cm$ apart in air. The permittivity of air is $\varepsilon_0$ and the dielectric constant of water is $K$. When a piece of salt is placed in water,the electrical force acting between sodium and chlorine ions $1 \ cm$ apart is: